{"id":5431,"date":"2023-08-21T10:24:51","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T14:24:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.veterinariaudec.cl\/sitio\/?p=5431"},"modified":"2023-08-21T10:24:51","modified_gmt":"2023-08-21T14:24:51","slug":"investigadores-udec-contribuyen-al-conocimiento-de-los-agentes-infecciosos-transmitidos-por-garrapatas-que-representan-un-riesgo-potencial-para-la-salud-humana-y-animal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vet.udec.cl\/sitio\/investigadores-udec-contribuyen-al-conocimiento-de-los-agentes-infecciosos-transmitidos-por-garrapatas-que-representan-un-riesgo-potencial-para-la-salud-humana-y-animal\/2023\/5431\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigadores UdeC contribuyen al conocimiento de los agentes infecciosos transmitidos por garrapatas que representan un riesgo potencial para la salud humana y animal"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"dr-sebastian-munoz\"El <\/span><\/span>g<\/span><\/span>rupo de <\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>nvestigaci\u00f3n del Laboratorio de Par\u00e1sitos y Enfermedades de Fauna Silvestre<\/span><\/span> (LPEFS)<\/span><\/span> de la UdeC se dedica al estudio<\/span><\/span> taxon\u00f3mico <\/span><\/span>de<\/span><\/span> par\u00e1sitos y de los agentes transmitidos por <\/span><\/span>vectores<\/span><\/span> biol\u00f3gicos <\/span><\/span>con importancia en salud <\/span><\/span>humana <\/span><\/span>y veterinaria. <\/span><\/span>Entre el<\/span><\/span> a\u00f1o 202<\/span><\/span>0<\/span><\/span> y comienzos de 2023<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>los integrantes d<\/span><\/span>el <\/span><\/span>LPEFS<\/span><\/span>, liderado<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> por el Dr. Sebasti\u00e1n Mu\u00f1oz Leal, <\/span><\/span>acad\u00e9mico e investigador del Departamento de Ciencia Animal, <\/span><\/span>detectaron y <\/span><\/span>caracterizar<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span> molecularmente nuevos agentes infecciosos de los g\u00e9neros <\/span><\/span>Borrelia<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> y <\/span><\/span>Anaplasma<\/span><\/span> en garrapatas y fauna silvestre de Chile. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Estos <\/span><\/span>resultados se <\/span><\/span>han documentado <\/span><\/span>en revistas<\/span><\/span> cient\u00edficas <\/span><\/span>internacionales <\/span><\/span>de alto impacto, como <\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span>Brazilian<\/span><\/span> Journal<\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span>Veterinary<\/span><\/span> Parasitology<\/span><\/span>\u201d, <\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span>Parasitology<\/span><\/span> Research<\/span><\/span>\u201d, \u201cParasites & <\/span><\/span>Vectors<\/span><\/span>\u201d y \u201c<\/span><\/span>Transboundary<\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span>Emerging<\/span><\/span>Diseases<\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Dichas publicaciones son el resultado directo <\/span><\/span>de la tesis doctoral de<\/span><\/span> la bi\u00f3loga<\/span><\/span> Adriana <\/span><\/span>Santodomingo<\/span><\/span>Santodomingo<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>candidata a<\/span><\/span>l grado de <\/span><\/span>doctor<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> Ciencias Veterinarias <\/span><\/span>por <\/span><\/span>la UdeC.<\/span><\/span> Cabe destacar que las i<\/span><\/span>nvestigaciones <\/span><\/span>realizadas, se han financiado <\/span><\/span>a trav\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> de la <\/span><\/span>Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Entre <\/span><\/span>los resultados <\/span><\/span>obtenidos, <\/span><\/span>destaca <\/span><\/span>el primer <\/span><\/span>reporte<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>Borrelia<\/span><\/span> en <\/span><\/span>los <\/span><\/span>roedores<\/span><\/span> sudamericanos<\/span><\/span> Oligoryzomys longicaudatus <\/span><\/span>y <\/span><\/span>Phyllotis xanthopygus. <\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span>Estos r<\/span><\/span>esultados<\/span><\/span>apuntan a la posibilidad de que<\/span><\/span> estos <\/span><\/span>animales<\/span><\/span> act\u00faen como<\/span><\/span>reservorios de <\/span><\/span>Borrelia<\/span><\/span> en Chile.<\/span><\/span> Por otro lado,<\/span><\/span> se detectaron especies <\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> en <\/span><\/span>los <\/span><\/span>roedores <\/span><\/span>Phyllotis<\/span><\/span> darwini<\/span><\/span> y <\/span><\/span>Abrothrix<\/span><\/span> jelskii<\/span><\/span>, una de \u00e9stas perteneciente al grupo <\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span>microti<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Es relevante mencionar que las babesias son par\u00e1sitos sangu\u00edneos y algunas especies dentro del grupo <\/span><\/span>microti<\/span><\/span> causan una enfermedad similar a la malaria en humanos. <\/span><\/span>Los<\/span><\/span> resultados <\/span><\/span>obtenidos en este estudio representan<\/span><\/span> el<\/span><\/span> primer <\/span><\/span>informe<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> en <\/span><\/span>roedores<\/span><\/span> de Chile<\/span><\/span> y del grupo <\/span><\/span>microti<\/span><\/span> en fauna silvestre de <\/span><\/span>Sudam\u00e9rica<\/span><\/span>\u201d, explic\u00f3 el Dr. Sebasti\u00e1n Mu\u00f1oz<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As\u00ed mismo<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> se destac<\/span><\/span>\u00f3<\/span><\/span> el hallazgo de <\/span><\/span>una nueva genovariante de <\/span><\/span>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/span><\/span>, denominada cepa “Patagonia”. <\/span><\/span>Esta<\/span><\/span> cepa representa un nuevo ecotipo dentro de<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span> complejo de especies de <\/span><\/span>A. phagocytophilum<\/span><\/span>. Esta bacteria<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> junto a <\/span><\/span>un nuev<\/span><\/span>o protozoo<\/span><\/span> (<\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> sp<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>pudui<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>fueron detectad<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>s en <\/span><\/span>sangre de pud\u00faes y <\/span><\/span>en <\/span><\/span>garrapatas <\/span><\/span>Ixodes <\/span><\/span>stilesi<\/span><\/span> que <\/span><\/span>los <\/span><\/span>parasitaban <\/span><\/span>en el sur de Chile<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Anaplasma<\/span><\/span> phagocytophilum<\/span><\/span> y <\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> spp<\/span><\/span>. son com\u00fanmente transmitidos por garrapatas a ciervos en el hemisferio norte; sin embargo, la ocurrencia de estos agentes en Chile era desconocida.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA<\/span><\/span>\u00fan no sabemos si estas bacterias <\/span><\/span>y protozoos <\/span><\/span>podr\u00edan<\/span><\/span>causar<\/span><\/span>les<\/span><\/span> alg<\/span><\/span>una enfermedad a<\/span><\/span> l<\/span><\/span>os<\/span><\/span> pud\u00fa<\/span><\/span>es<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>No obstante<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>su<\/span><\/span>detecci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> marca el inicio <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>una <\/span><\/span>nueva <\/span><\/span>l\u00ednea de investigaci\u00f3<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Entender <\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>los microorganismos que <\/span><\/span>afectan<\/span><\/span> a estos ciervos es importante, ya que las poblaciones de pud\u00faes se ven cada vez m\u00e1s <\/span><\/span>disminuidas<\/span><\/span> debido al impacto de actividades humanas. El estr\u00e9s causado <\/span><\/span>por la fragmentaci\u00f3n de h\u00e1bitat <\/span><\/span>podr\u00eda <\/span><\/span>desencadenar la acci\u00f3n pat\u00f3gena de <\/span><\/span>estos <\/span><\/span>microorganismos<\/span><\/span> en los ciervos<\/span><\/span> de nuestra regi\u00f3n<\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>precis\u00f3<\/span><\/span> el Dr. Mu\u00f1oz<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D<\/span><\/span>e acuerdo con lo se\u00f1alado por <\/span><\/span>el investigador, <\/span><\/span>ahora<\/span><\/span> es necesario <\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>ntender<\/span><\/span> d<\/span><\/span>\u00f3nde estar\u00edan <\/span><\/span>distribuidos<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>microorganismos<\/span><\/span>, en<\/span><\/span> qu\u00e9 poblaciones de <\/span><\/span>pud\u00faes<\/span><\/span> y cu\u00e1l ser\u00eda su posible rol como pat\u00f3geno en <\/span><\/span>eventuales casos en<\/span><\/span> donde estas poblaciones est\u00e9n estresadas<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> A\u00fan se desconoce si <\/span><\/span>estos microorganismos <\/span><\/span>pudiesen<\/span><\/span> afectar a los seres humanos<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Sin embargo, <\/span><\/span>es relevante mencionar que <\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> sp<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>pudui<\/span><\/span>, detectada en el sur de Chile, <\/span><\/span>se relacion\u00f3 <\/span><\/span>gen\u00e9ticamente<\/span><\/span> con<\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> odocoilei<\/span><\/span>, una especie recientemente <\/span><\/span>clasificada<\/span><\/span>como zoon\u00f3tica en Norteam\u00e9rica.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c<\/span><\/span>Es esencial evaluar si los microorganismos detectados son <\/span><\/span>pat\u00f3<\/span><\/span>g<\/span><\/span>enos<\/span><\/span> para humanos y s<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span> Ixodes <\/span><\/span>stilesi<\/span><\/span> es vector de estos, porque si esta garrapata pica<\/span><\/span>ra<\/span><\/span> a humanos, <\/span><\/span>existe la posibilidad de que<\/span><\/span> se produzca<\/span><\/span> una infecci\u00f3n conocida como <\/span><\/span>anaplasmosis<\/span><\/span> o babesiosis<\/span><\/span>. D<\/span><\/span>e hecho, e<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span> escenario <\/span><\/span>presente<\/span><\/span>en el sur de Chile, <\/span><\/span>donde<\/span><\/span> garrapatas del g\u00e9nero <\/span><\/span>I<\/span><\/span>xodes<\/span><\/span>podr\u00edan <\/span><\/span>transmitir <\/span><\/span>A<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> phagocytophilum<\/span><\/span> y <\/span><\/span>B<\/span><\/span>abesia<\/span><\/span> a <\/span><\/span>los <\/span><\/span>c\u00e9rvidos<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> repite<\/span><\/span> en el hemisferio norte con otras<\/span><\/span> especies<\/span><\/span>garrapatas del <\/span><\/span>mismo <\/span><\/span>g\u00e9nero<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> las cuales<\/span><\/span> tambi\u00e9n transmiten estas bacterias y protozoos<\/span><\/span> entre<\/span><\/span> c\u00e9rvidos. <\/span><\/span>Por lo tanto, <\/span><\/span>aunque<\/span><\/span> el estudio de la garrapata <\/span><\/span>I. <\/span><\/span>stilesi<\/span><\/span> como vector de microorganismos <\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>s incipiente<\/span><\/span> en Chile<\/span><\/span>, no debemos ignorarlo. De hecho, enfermedades transmitidas por artr\u00f3podos par\u00e1sitos<\/span><\/span> antes desconocidas en Chile<\/span><\/span> ahora son relevantes en salud p\u00fablica, como <\/span><\/span>es el caso de la<\/span><\/span> \u2018Fiebre de los matorrales\u2019<\/span><\/span> en zonas rurales<\/span><\/span> y silvestres del centro y sur de Chile<\/span><\/span>\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

El experto agreg\u00f3 <\/span><\/span>que<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> A. <\/span><\/span>phagocytophilum<\/span><\/span> cepa \u201cPatagonia\u201d<\/span><\/span> y <\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> sp<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> \u201c<\/span><\/span>pudui<\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span> detectad<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>en garrapatas<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>tambi\u00e9n <\/span><\/span>podr\u00edan ser impo<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>tantes<\/span><\/span> en animales dom\u00e9sticos<\/span><\/span>, ya que garrapatas infectadas circulan en las \u00e1reas de pastoreo que los rumiantes dom\u00e9sticos comparten con <\/span><\/span>los <\/span><\/span>ciervos silvestres. <\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span>S<\/span><\/span>obre todo<\/span><\/span>, esto podr\u00eda ocurrir<\/span><\/span> cuando las poblaciones <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>vacuno<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>ovino<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> y caprino<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> superpon<\/span><\/span>en<\/span><\/span>con la distribuci\u00f3n de ciervos silvestres. P<\/span><\/span>or ejemplo, <\/span><\/span>esto es lo que sucede hoy en <\/span><\/span>Chilo\u00e9, que es donde h<\/span><\/span>icimos <\/span><\/span>estos hallazgos<\/span><\/span>: pud\u00faes utilizan \u00e1reas silvestres y rurales que tambi\u00e9n son utilizadas por rumiantes dom\u00e9sticos. <\/span><\/span>Aun<\/span><\/span>cuando no se ha detectado, <\/span><\/span>es probable que exista este traspaso de par\u00e1sitos<\/span><\/span> y <\/span><\/span>ocurran infecciones por <\/span><\/span>A. <\/span><\/span>phagocytophilum<\/span><\/span> y <\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> sp<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>que a\u00fan no han sido diagnosticadas<\/span><\/span> en animales dom\u00e9sticos<\/span><\/span>\u201d, manifest\u00f3 el Dr. Mu\u00f1oz.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

TRABAJO INMEDIATO<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Actualmente, la tesista Adriana Santodomingo, se encuentra redactando los resultados finales de un experimento de transmisi\u00f3n que demuestra<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span> que la garrapata blanda <\/span><\/span>Ornithodoros octo<\/span><\/span>do<\/span><\/span>ntus<\/span><\/span> puede transmitir una nueva especie de <\/span><\/span>Borrelia<\/span><\/span> relacionada con el grupo de fiebre recurrente. Es importante se\u00f1alar que este grupo incluye algunas especies responsables de la <\/span><\/span>borreliosis<\/span><\/span> de fiebre recurrente<\/span><\/span>, una enfermedad desatendida en<\/span><\/span> Latinoa<\/span><\/span>m\u00e9rica. As\u00ed mismo, e<\/span><\/span>l equipo de profesionales con los que labora el Dr. Sebasti\u00e1n Mu\u00f1oz incluye tambi\u00e9n a <\/span><\/span>otros <\/span><\/span>estudiantes <\/span><\/span>de postgrado<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span>Actualmente, u<\/span><\/span>n alumno de doctorado desarrollar\u00e1 <\/span><\/span>un estudio<\/span><\/span> con ciervos <\/span><\/span>silvestres (<\/span><\/span>pud\u00fa<\/span><\/span>es y<\/span><\/span> huemul<\/span><\/span>es<\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>y<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>umiantes <\/span><\/span>dom\u00e9sticos, <\/span><\/span>pesquisando<\/span><\/span> la ocurrencia <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>A. <\/span><\/span>phagocytophilum<\/span><\/span> y <\/span><\/span>Babesia<\/span><\/span> sp<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>en animales dom\u00e9sticos<\/span><\/span>. P<\/span><\/span>ara eso se <\/span><\/span>har\u00e1n<\/span><\/span> colectas de sangre y se evaluar<\/span><\/span>\u00e1 la presencia<\/span><\/span> de los microorganismos <\/span><\/span>desde el punto de vista gen\u00e9tico. <\/span><\/span>Adem\u00e1s, otro doctorando evaluar\u00e1<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3mo circula<\/span><\/span>n ambos agentes<\/span><\/span> en roedores<\/span><\/span> silvestres<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>p<\/span><\/span>orque no son solamente los rumiantes<\/span><\/span> los q<\/span><\/span>ue albergan estas bacterias, si<\/span><\/span>no<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> que los roedores<\/span><\/span>, al mantener larvas y ninfas de garrapatas infectadas,<\/span><\/span> tambi\u00e9n ayuda<\/span><\/span>r\u00edan<\/span><\/span> a amplificar estos posibles pat\u00f3genos<\/span><\/span>. Por \u00faltimo, una alumna de doctorado est\u00e1 intentando aislar a las especies de <\/span><\/span>Borrelia<\/span><\/span> ya detectadas por nuestro grupo, para generar una colecci\u00f3n de cepas chilenas<\/span><\/span>\u201d, explic\u00f3 el acad\u00e9mico.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Los resultados preliminares de las investigaciones podr\u00edan generarse el pr\u00f3ximo semestre.<\/span><\/span> El detalle de la informaci\u00f3n <\/span><\/span>ya <\/span><\/span>publicada en las revistas cient\u00edficas puede encontrase en los siguientes links:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/rbpv\/a\/Nt3rQXWfspsvVDqcS6qV8hG\/?lang=en<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07452-4#Sec10<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-023-05657-9<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/tbed.14743<\/span><\/span><\/a>
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